Fuel-injection valve for oil engines



F. C. TEU F l FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR OIL ENGINES Feb, 3, 1925.

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Feb. 3, 1925- r 1,525,156

F. C. TEUFL FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR OIL ENGINES OFiled May 2, 1922 2shuts-Sheet P 5 l W m. F m

Patented Feb. 3, 1925. l

STATES FRANZ CARL TEUFL, 0F OIL CITY, PENNSYLVANIA FUEL-INJECTION VALVEFOR OIL ENGINES.

Application led May 2, 1922. Serial No. 557,855.'

To cZlfwhom t may concern:

Be it ,known that I, FRANZ C. TEUFL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Oil City, in the county of Venango and State ofPennsylvania, have iii-vented certain new and useful Improvements inFuel-Injection Valves for Oil Engines, of Awhich the following is aspecification.

The objects, construction and operation of my improved fuel-oilinjection yvalve for oil engines, are hereinset forth with sufficientclearness, to enable others skilled in the arts to which itsconstruction and use respectively relate, to make and use thel same.

One yof the objects of my invention is, to

provide an automatically-actuated fuel in'` jection valve of a noveltype, in which mechanical actuation of the valve-closure element isdispensed with, and in place thereof an automatic actuation by the fuelv itself is substituted.

Another object is,'to provide a fuel-injection valve which will to agreater vextent than heretofore, be self-cleansing.

Still another object of this invention is,

to provide a fuel-injection valve which, by

slight modification Will produce injection of fuel into the combustionchamber of the engine either'in the form of a spray, or in the form of astream, which latter form is known yas solid injection. A

My improved fuel-oil injection valve is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, which are hereinafter referred to, and form a part of thisspecification. c

In said drawings: Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the form of valve which isyadapted to produce spray injection.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section throughv the casing of the valve, theclosure element being shown in elevation.

. llice 15 at the inner end of said casin Fig. 6 is a transverse sectionon lin'e VI-VI of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail` view of the solid injectionl nozzle.

The construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is substantially as follows:

A valve casing 1 is provided which is Substantially tubular in form, thebore of which is enlarged in diameter adjacent the outer end thereof toform a bearing and turbine chamber 2. At its inner endl said bore isreduced at 3 for the purpose of closely conforming to the diameter ofthe closure element adjacent its inner end, and for a further purposewhich will presently be' set forth.

The closure element for said valve comprises a tubular member 4, havinat its outer end an annular collar or ange 5 which serves a doublefunction, namely, that of a bearinrr for said closure member, whereupon,at certain periodical intervals of its operation itv becomes revoluble,--and the function of a turbine or motor adapted to be driven by thefuel oil as it enters said casing. y I j Ball bearings are provided forsaid collar 5, and the balls 6 upon the inner side of said flange orcollar 5 rest upon the shoulder 7 of the valve-casing 1. The Iballs 8upon the outer `opposite side of said collar lie between the outer facethereof and the adjacent face 9 of the cap 10. The adjustment of saidcap 10 is such that it presses firmly upon its seat l1 and is caused soto do by means of the annular nut 12, at the same time a considerabledegree of pressure i's also exerted upon the balls 8, and this pressurebeing transmitted to said collar 5, a degree of longitudinal contractionor compression of said closure element is thereby caused, which, inturn, causes the inner, seating end face or point 13, to firmly seatupon the seating face 14 of the ejection ori- 1, whereby saidv orificeis normally clos in such a manner that a considerable degree of vpressure` of the fuel oil within thecasing is `required tolongitudinally further compress sai-d closure element to yunseat itsinner seating face and permit the ejection of fuel oil from saidorifice. v

The method of securing said longitudinal resiliency of said closureelement 4 may be nsv clearly understood by a reference to Fig. 1 of thedrawings. t will be noted4 that said member 4 is circumferentially andtransversely corrugated, and that said corrugated conformationappertains both to its" periplr ery and to its interior wall. lVhen,therefore, pressure is exerted upon the exterior' surface of said member4 by the fuel oil Within said casing, ysai-d member will .be caused tocontract longitudinally, and the inherent resiliency will cause saidmember to expand again when said pressure is relieved.

In the assembly of thc valve,` a very slight amount of clearanceisprovided for between the inner or lower face of the collar 5 and thebearing balls 6 which are below the same, but the extent .of saidclearance is only such as would usually be providedby the allowance ortolerance for a running tit of this t-ype of a bearing. This slightvamount of clearance is shown in the drawing, but the extent of same isthere considerably exaggerated for the sake of clear illustration.

The periphery of said collar 5 is formed into teeth or turbine van'es 16and the fuel inlet 17 is tangentially disposed in said casing 1, and ispositioned in operative relation to said collar and said vanes, so thatwhen the fuel oil enters said duct 17 it impinges-upon said vanes andwill under certain phases of operation,-presently to be set forth-causesaid closure member toV revolve.

The conditions under which said closure member 4 is free to revolve andwill be caused to do so are as follows:

The fuel oil is supplied through said tangential duct 17, by means of aplungerpump, as usual, or it may be supplied by any means which willdeliver the oil'to the valve in periodical impulses, in accordance withthe periods or cycle of the engine tov which the valve is applied. At aninterval of highest pressure of oil produced by said pump, said-pressureoften attains several hundred pounds per square inch. lVhen saidpump-delivery impulses occur, the first tendency of the resultingpressure is to press.

the closure element more firmly, to its scat. thento slightly compresssaid elenfcnt, whereupon said clearance between the lower face of saidcollar 5 and the bearing balls .6 is taken up, and thereafter, as thepressure by reason of the tangential entrance of thc oil at duct 17 andits forceful impingement upon said blades 16.

The inner end of said closure element is formed into a guide 18, forwhich said reduced bearing section 3 in the casing 1 is provided. Toprovide for the ready pas sage of the oil past said guide 18, itsperiphery isspirally corrugated, the spiral disposition ofl saidcorrugations being for the purpose of more readily causing anysolid orsemi solid matter which may be in the oil or may tend to form at thispoint because of the heat, to be expelled from 'the valve. y

In the cap 10. an aii` vent 19 is provided. which is closed by acone-point set screw 20. Said vent is for the purpose of permitting theescape of air from the interior of the casing when fuel is firstsuppliedthereto. whereupon the vent is closed.

Should the valve be inserted in the engine in an inverted position, saidvent would then-be unnecessary. y

1n the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the ejection end of theclosure element 4. is elongated to form a. nozzle 23, through which thefucl is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine in a stream,instead of in t-he nature of a spray, as in the previously-describedconstruction.

ln this modied construction. both the casing 1 and the closure clementare only slightly modified. all of ysaid modification being at the innerend of the organization.

Referring especially to Fig. 7, the seating face 22, corresponds to theseating face .lil of Figs. 1 and 2, Below said seating face said closureelement. is elongated to form a nozzle Q3. in the upper` portion of theperiphery of which a longitudinal groove Q4 is formed; from the lowerend of said groove a very small hole is drilled diagonally through thenozzle. from which it opens or emerges at its side and forms the outletorifice 25 in the flattened area Q6 at. one corner of said nozzle. Theinner end of the casing 1 is elongated somewhat at 2T. to form aprotective sheath for the nozzle.

The inner end of the bore of the closure element is. hermcticallvsealed. in any suitable manner. asby a plug Q1. to prevent the entranceof fluid therein.

' Valves to produce thc two forms of injection are provided for thereason that some manufacturers of oil engines 'advocate and employ sprayinjection. while others advocate and employ solid injection. lt is mypurpose to supply both requirements. hence neither one nor the other ofthese two forms y are considered the preferred form.

It may now be helpful to a clear understanding of my construction tosummarize the novel characteristics of the two main elcments of myimproved valve as follows:

loo

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The casing 1 is a tubular element arranged for the revoluble mounting ofthe closure element therein.

It has. a tangentially-arranged oil inlet adjacent itsouter end.

It has an ejection opening at its inner end.

The closure element 4 is tubular.

It is transversely', circumferentially corrugated, both externally andinternally, whereby it is caused to be longitudinally resilient.

It is adapted to be longitudinally co-ntracted by the external. pressureof fuel oil in the casing atfapproximately ejection pressure, andinasmuch as oil is supplied to the casing in impulses-.as by a-plungerpumpsaid contraction is 'caused lperiodically.

It is revolubly ymounted in its casing and is free to revolve at thecontracted or compressed period.

During said revolubility, pressure -throughout its entire' superficialarea is balanced.

During said revoluble period said element is suspended from its bearing.

Its interior is hermetically sealed.

The revoluble function of the closure element causes the seating facesof the valve to be self-grinding and' self-seating.

I claim the following:

1. A fuel-'njection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casinghaving a fuelsupply duct adjacent its outer end and afuel-ejectionorifice at its inner end, in combination with alongitudinally-'contractile, tubular, revoluble closure element wit-hinsaid casing, having its inner end' arranged to close said orifice, and'means producing longitudinal contraction of said element foi` theejection of fuel therefrom, and means imparting revoluble movement tosaid element during the eject-ion interval.

2. A fuel' injection val've for oil engines comprising'a tubular casinghaving a fuelsupply duct ad'aeent its outer end and a fuel-injectionorifice at its inner end, in combination with a tubular,transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile, revoluble closureelement within said casing having'its inner end arranged'to normallyclose said orifice, means causing longitudinal contraction of saidelement to open said orifice for the ejection of fuel therefrom, andmeans impartin revoluble motion to said element when sai eject-ionoccurs.

3. fuel-injection valveifor oil engines comprising a tubular casinghaving a fuel supply duct adjacent its outer end and a fuel-,ejectionopening at its inner end, in combination wlth a tubular,hermeticallysealed, transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile,revoluble closure clementv 'within said casing having its inner endarranged to normally close said opening, "means causing longitudinalcontraction of said element so as to open said orifice for the ejectionof oil therefrom, and means liniparting revoluble motion to said'element when said ejection occurs.

4. A. fuel-injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casinghaving a fuelinlet duct adjacent its outer end and 'al fuelejectionopening at its inner end, in com' binationl with a tubular,transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile,periodically-balanced and revoluble closure element Within said casinghaving its inner end a1'- rangedV to normally close said opening, meanscausing periodical longitudinal contract-ion of said element to opensaid orifice for the ejection of oil therefrom, and at the same periodimparting revoluble motion to said element. l

5. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casinghaving a tamgentially-disposed fuel-inlet duct adjacent its` outer endand a fuel ejection opening adjacent its inner end, in combination witha tubular, longitudinally contractile, revolublejclosure element Withinsaid casing, adapted to normally close said eject-ion opening when thepressure of fuel Within said casing is less than ejection pressure,

and to be longitudinally contracted to open .its outer end and a fuelejection opening adjacent its inner end,'in combination with a tubular,longitudinally-contractile, revoluble closure element within said casingadapted 'to normally close said ejection opening when the pressure ofthe fuel oil within said casing is less than ejection pressure and to belongitudinallv contracted by external pressure of said fuel When-saidpres' sure reaches approximately ejection pressure, and a turbine.collar carried by said element positioned relative to said tangentialinlet duct, so as to be revolubly actuated by the fuel entering thereatat the in-` stant of ejection.

' 7. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casinghaving a tan- -gentially-disposed fuel-inlet duct 'leading .combinationwith a tubular, longitudinallycontractile, circumferentially corrugated,

4periodically-revoluble closure element within said easing adapted tonormally close said ejection opening` when the pressure of fuel withinsaid casing is less than ejection pres- -130 sure and to belongitudinally contracted to open said opening when the pressure of saidfuel reaches approximately injection pressure, in which contracted statethe fuel pres- .sure upon the Whole superficial area of said element isbalanced .and the same becomes revoluble, and a turbine collar, carriedby said element positioned relative to said tangential duct so that thefuel entering thereyat revolubly actuates said closure element at saidrevoluble period.

8. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising in combination atubular casing having a tangentially-arranged fuel-inlet duct leadinginto the bore thereof adjacent to the outer end of same and afuel-ejection opening at its inner end, the bore of said casing adjacentits outer end being enlarged to form a bearing and turbine chamber, thejunctional point of lsaid enlarged portion of said bore with the smallerportion thereof forming a square shoulder arranged to serve as a bearingface; a tubular, longitudinally.- resilient and contractile, revolubleclosure element within said-casing arranged at its inner .end tonormally close said opening, saidv element, by reason of said resiliencybeing longitudinally contractile by the pressure upon its exteriorsurface when said pressure reaches ejection pressure and whereby saidinner endgof said element is caused to recede from and t0 open saidejcction opening, a collar carried by said closure element adjacentv itsouter end. bearing balls restingz upon said shoulder of said casing,said collar arranged with its inner face in close proximity to saidballs, bearing balls resting upon the upper face of said collar, a c apcarried by said easing having a bearing-face adapted to contact withsaid last-mentioned balls, means causing said cap to exert pressure uponsaid balls and there through to said closure element to cause its lowerpoint to securely close said ejection opening, except during saidcontracted pe rod, the lperiphery of said collar being provided wit-hturbine blades which are positioned in actuative relation to saidtangential duct so as to be revolved during said contracted period bythe fuel entering thereat.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature,

FRANZ- CARL TEUFL.

